סה"כ צפיות בדף

יום רביעי, 19 בפברואר 2014

ספר עזרא בתרגום עברי


ספר עזרא בתרגום עברי
תוכנו של ספר עזראפרקי
מקרא
תרגום עברי בסגנון מקראיביאור
תרגום עברימקור ותרגום
פסוק מול פסוק
מקור ותרגום
שורה מול שורה
חלק ראשון: עליות ראשונות ותחילת בניין
התעוררות
הכרזת כורש (א)
פרק א(בעברית)פרק א
עלייה ראשונה
שמות העולים משבי הגולה (ב)
פרק ב(בעברית)פרק ב
התחלת בנין
בנין המזבח ויסודות להיכל ה' (ג)
פרק ג(בעברית)פרק ג
מעשי איבה
מדור כורש עד השטנה בימי ארתחשסתא (ד)
פרק דתרגום עברי
(ח'-כ"ד)
פסוק מול פסוקשורה מול שורהפרק ד
חנוכת הבית בימי דריוש
זירוז ותמיכה למרות העיכובים (ה-ו)
פרק ה
פרק ו
תרגום עברי
(ה,א - ו,י"ח)
פסוק מול פסוקשורה מול שורהפרק ה
פרק ו
חלק שני: עליית עזרא ומעשיו
עזרא הכהן הסופר
כתב מינוי ותמיכה מארחתשסתא המלך (ז)
פרק זתרגום עברי
(י"ב-כ"ו)
פסוק מול פסוקשורה מול שורהפרק ז
עליית עזרא
עזרא ו"הָעֹלִים עִמִּי" לירושלים (ח)
פרק ח(בעברית)פרק ח
מַעַל בני הגולה בנשים הנכריות
תפילה וּוידוי, תיקון וכפרה, ושמות האשמים (ט-י)
פרק ט
פרק י
(בעברית)פרק ט
פרק י
חלק שלישי: עליית נחמיה ובניין חומות ירושלים
"דִּבְרֵי נְחֶמְיָה בֶּן-חֲכַלְיָה..."
תפילת נחמיה וקבלתה
שנת עשרים לארתחשסתא המלך (א,א-ב,ט)
פרק א
ב,א-ט
(בעברית)פרק א
ב,א-ט
חומת ירושלים
בנייה תוך כדי הגנה מפני הצרים הלועגים (ב,י-ד,יז)
ב,י-כ
פרק ג
פרק ד
(בעברית)ב,י-כ
פרק ג
פרק ד
צעקת העם
מעשים טובים מתוך יראת ה' (ה)
פרק ה(בעברית)פרק ה
"וַתִּשְׁלַם הַחוֹמָה"
מאת ה' חרף מעשי הצוררים (ו)
פרק ו(בעברית)פרק ו
סדרי ביטחון ואוכלוסייה בירושלים
על פי "סֵפֶר הַיַּחַשׂ הָעוֹלִים בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה" (ז)
פרק ז(בעברית)פרק ז
חלק רביעי: תקנות ומעשים לקיום התורה
ספר תורת משה
קריאת התורה וקיום מצוַת סוכה בשמחה (ח)
ז,עב2
פרק ח
(בעברית)ז,עב2
פרק ח
תשובת הציבור
וידוי וכריתת אמנה (ט,א - יא,ב)
פרק ט
פרק י
יא,א-ב
(בעברית)פרק ט
פרק י
יא,א-ב
יושבי ירושלים וערי יהודה
מבני יהודה ובנימין, מהכהנים והלויים והנתינים (יא,ג-לו)
יא,ג-לו(בעברית)יא,ג-לו
כהנים ולויים
מעליית זרובבל ובדורם של עזרא ונחמיה (יב,א-כו)
יב,א-כו(בעברית)יב,א-כו
חנוכת החומה
שמחה על ידי הכהנים והלויים (יב,כז-מז)
יב,כז-מז(בעברית)יב,כז-מז
תקנותיו של נחמיה
בקהל ה' ובמקדשו, ללויים, השבת, בנות נכר (יג)
פרק יג(בעברית)פרק יג
מידע על התרגומים לארמית המקראית בוויקיטקסט
עזרא בתרגומו של ש"ל גורדון
עזרא בתרגום עברי (בארי)
ספר דניאל בתרגום עברי

יום ראשון, 16 בפברואר 2014

Palestinians The Invented People





PALESTINIANS: THE INVENTED PEOPLE





Assyrians found no "Palestinians." Photo Source: http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/
Assyrians found no “Palestinians.” Photo Source: http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/

“The history of the Palestinian people goes back as far as”… This is where Arab “historians” disagree. Some say the “Palestinian people” have a proud 4000-year history; others say 10,000 years, 30,000 years, and even –don’t laugh- 200,000 years, which makes the Neanderthals pretty young people compared to the “mysterious Palestinians”. But although Arab historians do not agree on the “insignificant” details like the age of the “Palestinian people”, they do agree that this people is incredibly ancient-far more ancient than Jews, Romans or Greeks.
In the glorious history of the “Palestinian people”, there is only one “small” problem; nobody in history ever found them.
In 721 BCE, Assyria conquered the Kingdom of Israel. This is a historical fact nobody denies. Of course, the “Palestinian people” heroically fought against the aggressors and caused them heavy losses? Well, not exactly. Not a single Assyrian Chronicle, not even a single clay tablet, mentions this noble people. Could it be that hundreds of thousands of “Palestinians” were heroically fighting the Assyrian invaders – and these invaders did not even notice it? At the same time, those same Assyrian Chronicles are full of reports about the battles with the Israelis. So, Assyrians very well found Israelis, but did not notice any “Palestinians”?



No "Palestinians" in the Babylonian Chronicles either. Photo Source: http://www.bible-history.com/
No “Palestinians” in the Babylonian Chronicles either. Photo Source: http://www.bible-history.com/

Well, Assyrians did not notice any “Palestinian people”. Most probably, because the King Sargon II was a Zionist. And what about Babylonians? The same mystery awaits us when we start reading the Babylonian Chronicles about the conquest of the Kingdom of Judah between 597 and 582 BCE. Jews are there at every second page. And “Palestinians”? There is not a word about them. Babylonians did not find them, either.
But of course Persians found “Palestinians” and left to us the detailed description of this wonderful people, of its rich culture, interesting  habits, language…? Alas. They did not. The Persian Chronicles are telling us about Jews, about how Cyrus granted them the permission to return to Jerusalem, about how Persian satraps ruled in Judah and Israel… But about the “Palestinians” – not a word.
What makes the “quest to find Palestinians” even more amusing is that Alexander the Great passed all along the coast of Palestine from Tyre to Gaza in 332 – but did not find a single “Palestinian”: only Jews.
Where the heck did the “Palestinians” hide?
Well, ok, Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, even Alexander the Great: it was so long ago! But what about the scrupulous and methodical Romans? The same story.
Romans explain in great detail how they were besieging Jerusalem, scrupulously informing us about how Jews were desperately defending it. They describe the Jewish revolts and how they quelled them and provide information about how Jews were fighting against them in Masada, about how Romans divided Judah and renamed it Palestine, about how they renamed Jerusalem in Aelia Capitolina…They tell us about a lot of things – but they do not say a single word about some “Palestinians”.
Moreover, although they renamed the land in “Palestine”, they went on calling its inhabitants as they were called for thousands of years: Jews. So, “Palestine” became the official name of the land, but its inhabitants remained Jews.
Just a moment, and where were the “Palestinian people” when Arabs came?
It’s a million dollar question. Modern Arabs say they are “Palestinians”. And what did the Arabs of the 7th century, those who conquered Palestine, say about this?
Do you know any document written in the period of the Arab rule in Palestine that would say a word about some “Palestinians”? I do not. And nobody does, because such a document does not exist.
The situation becomes really amusing! Arabs today are foaming about how their forefathers lived in Palestine since the Time Immemorial, and their forefathers did not have any idea about their glorious and ancient past there.
Well, after all, the Arab rule in Palestine did not last long. Just 300 years after the Arab conquest, Turks –first Mamluks and then Ottomans-  threw them out. Under various names – Seljuks, Mamluks, Ottomans- the Turks ruled in Palestine for 600 years. Quite enough time to find such a numerous and glorious ethnic group as the “Palestinian people”. Did the Turks find them? Alas! The Turkish official statistics accurately puts the number of Jews, Arabs, Circassians and Bosnians in Palestine, providing detailed information about the number of Muslims, Christians and Jews – yet they never mention any “Palestinian people”.



Even the Romans who renamed the land "Palestine" found no "Palestinians."
Even the Romans who renamed the land “Palestine” found no “Palestinians.”

Ok. Assyrians, Babylonians, Greeks, Romans, Persians and Arabs did not happen to notice any “Palestinian people”. Turks, in those 600 years they ruled in Palestine, did not find them either. And where was this incredibly ancient and unbelievingly heroic people hiding after 1917? The numerous League of Nations Commissions (later UN Commissions) did not find them; all the League of Nations documents of that period are only about Jews and Arabs, but there is not a word about any “Palestinians” as a separate people. Maybe the politicians of the Western countries talked about “Palestinians” then? No, they did not. Delegates from 11 nations went to the area and found what had long been apparent: two conflicting groups, Arabs and Jews, whose national aspirations could not be reconciled. “Palestinians”? Who are they?
But the politicians of the Arab counties, of course… Alas. The politicians of the Arab countries were very clear on this subject.
“We consider Palestine as part of Arab Syria, as it has never been separated from it at any time. We are connected with it by national, religious, linguistic, natural, economic and geographical bonds.” (First Congress of Muslim-Christian Associations, February 1919)
The representative of the Arab Higher Committee to the United Nations submitted a statement to the General Assembly in May 1947 that said, “Palestine was part of the Province of Syria,” and that, “politically, the Arabs of Palestine were not independent in the sense of forming a separate political entity.”
In 1937, a local Arab leader, Auni Bey Abdul-Hadi, told the Peel Commission, which ultimately suggested the partition of Palestine: “There is no such country as Palestine! ‘Palestine’ is a term the Zionists invented! There is no Palestine in the Bible. Our country was for centuries part of Syria.”
“Palestine and Transjordan are one.” King Abdullah, Arab League meeting in Cairo,12 April 1948
So the Arabs in the 1940s did not notice any “Palestinians”. Moreover, they did not “notice” any “Palestine” either!
Ok. In the 40s, the Arab politicians did not find any “Palestinian people”. It’s no surprise; nobody could find them.
But maybe they “found” this mysterious “Palestinian people” later? They did not.
Syrian President Hafez Assad addressing the Palestinian leader, the Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), President of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) and “Father of the Palestinian People” Yasser Arafat, explained to him:
“You do not represent Palestine as much as we do. Never forget this one point: There is no such thing as a Palestinian people, there is no Palestinian entity, there is only Syria. You are an integral part of the Syrian people, Palestine is an integral part of Syria. Therefore it is we, the Syrian authorities, who are the true representatives of the Palestinian people.”
Of course, the Palestinian leader, “Father of the Palestinian People” and so on, rejected these insinuations with indignation and… Actually, no, he did not.



"Our nation is the Arabic nation that stretches from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea and beyond it..." -Yasser Arafat. Photo Source: http://www.familysecuritymatters.org/
“Our nation is the Arabic nation that stretches from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea and beyond it…” -Yasser Arafat. Photo Source: http://www.familysecuritymatters.org/

Moreover, Arafat himself made a definitive and unequivocal statement along the same lines as late as 1993, when he declared that, “The question of borders doesn’t interest us… From the Arab standpoint, we mustn’t talk about borders. Palestine is nothing but a drop in an enormous ocean. Our nation is the Arabic nation that stretches from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea and beyond it…The P.L.O. is fighting Israel in the name of Pan-Arabism. What you call “Jordan” is nothing more than Palestine.”
Not long ago, Azmi Bishara (the ex-Knesset member exiled fromIsrael for passing sensitive information to Hezbollah during the Second Lebanon War) who is anything except Israel’s friend, said the same: there is no Palestinian people. You can see and hear his words for yourselves, here is the link.
“The truth is that Jordan is Palestine and Palestine is Jordan.” – King Hussein of Jordan, in 1981
“Palestine is Jordan and Jordan is Palestine; there is only one land, with one history and one and the same fate,” Prince Hassan of the Jordanian National Assembly was quoted as saying on February 2, 1970.
Abdul Hamid Sharif, Prime Minister of Jordan declared in 1980, “The Palestinians and Jordanians do not belong to different nationalities. They hold the same Jordanian passports, are Arabs and have the same Jordanian culture.”
But the Arabs who lived in Palestine since, as they assure us, the Time Immemorial, of course did not let Syrian and Jordanian dictators deprive them of their proud Palestinian past? You will be surprised, but they let them. And they had very serious reasons for this.
Do you know that until 1950, the name of the Jerusalem Post was THE PALESTINE POST?
That the journal of the Zionist Organization of America was NEW PALESTINE?
That the Bank Leumi’s original name was the ANGLO-PALESTINE BANK?
That the Israel Electric Company’s original name was the PALESTINE ELECTRIC COMPANY?
That there was the PALESTINE FOUNDATION FUND and the PALESTINE PHILHARMONIC?
And all these were JEWISH ORGANIZATIONS, organized and run by JEWS.
In America, the Anthem of the Zionist youngsters sang “PALESTINE, MY PALESTINE”, “PALESTINE SCOUT SONG” and “PALESTINE SPRING SONG”.
Until the late 60s, to call an Arab a “Palestinian” would mean to insult him because until the late 60s, the word “Palestinian” was commonly and unanimously associated in all the world with Jews, and all the world knew: Palestine is just another name for Israel and Judah, like for example Kemet was just another ancient name for Egypt. Arabs who lived in Palestine identified themselves as Arabs and were insulted when someone called them “Palestinians”: we are not Jews, we are Arabs, they used to respond.
Let’s Set Things Straight
There is a country in the Far East. The people who live there, (and they have lived in this country for many centuries), poetically called it “The Land Of The Rising Sun”. Then the Western travelers and geographers came to this country and gave it another name. Why? Maybe they were not poets, or maybe they came there on the sunset, or maybe they could not pronounce the original name in the original language… Did the people who lived there change because Western travelers and then politicians and journalists started to call their country by another name? No. They were those same people and they went on calling their country “The Land Of The Rising Sun”.
And the West calls it Japan.
There is a country in the Middle East. The people who lived there for many centuries called it “Eretz Israel”- The Land of Israel. Then the people from the West came- and gave to it another name. Did the people who lived there change? No. They were those same people and they went on calling their country “The Land of Israel”.
Article by Y.K. Cherson
http://upww.us/vinienco/2014/02/15/palestinians-invented-people/
http://www.canarymission.org/

The Canary Mission database was created to expose individuals and groups that are anti-Freedom, anti-American and anti-Semitic in order to protect the public and our democratic values.

יום שבת, 15 בפברואר 2014

NSA collection programs

Over the last month, the publication of various slides of a powerpoint presentation about the top secret NSA collection program PRISM caused almost worldwide media attention. Less known is that a number of new slides about other NSA collection programs were published on July 6 by the Brazilian newspaper O Globo.

These and a few other slides were also shown on Brazilian televion, combined with an interview with Guardian-columnist Glenn Greenwald, who lives in Rio de Janeiro. Screenshots of some of the slides shown on Brazilian television became available on Flickr (see Links and Sources). On July 21, the German magazine Der Spiegel published some extra details about the XKEYSCORE program.

UPDATE:
On July 31, The Guardian published a full presentation about XKEYSCORE, but this shows the program is not for data collection, but for data analysing.



FAIRVIEW-slides

Brazilian television and the O Globo website presented a whole new series of four slides from what seems to be a presentation about the FAIRVIEW program or maybe the broader "collection of communications on fiber cables and infrastructure as data flows past", which was called "Upstream" in one of the PRISM-slides.

The first slide (below) shows the logos of the NSA and its Special Source Operations (SSO) unit, and a map representing "1 Day view of authorized (FAA ONLY) DNI traffic volumes to North Korea within FAIRVIEW environment". As DNI stands for Digital Network Intelligence, this map apparently shows internet traffic to North Korea, as traced by the FAIRVIEW program.

According to O Globo these maps show the amount of exchanged messages and phone calls (allthough DNI only refers to internet traffic) by various countries in the world with North Korea, Russia, Pakistan and Iran. Below we see DNI traffic to Pakistan on March 4 and 5, 2012: 

A third slide shows a list op "Top 20 Pakistani domains (.pk)" which where apparently tracked between February 15, 2012 and March 11, 2012:

A fourth slide shows some lines with names of collection managers of OAKSTAR, BLARNEY and what appears to be the STORMBREW and (the hitherto unknown) OCELOT programs (Update: newly disclosed slides show that the latter word is actually MADCAPOCELOT). Brazilian television showed this slide uncensored with the names visible, but here we blacked them out:

According to former NSA official Thomas Drake FAIRVIEW is a highly classified program for tapping into the world’s intercontinental fiber-optic cables. It acts as an "umbrella program" with other programs underneath it. One of them is BLARNEY, which is a program to access internet data at key junctions and is facilitated by arrangements with commercial cable companies and internet servce providers.

According to Drake, "BLARNEY is to the international Internet space as PRISM is to the domestic". FAIRVIEW is apparently also the method through which the NSA receives the information it has collected, essentially co-opting the fiber optic cables to transmit the data back to the agency to be analyzed by data mining programs.

UPDATE:
See for many more: Slides about NSA's Upstream collection


FORNSAT-slide

The Brazilian television also showed one slide from a presentation which wasn't mentioned or seen earlier. The only information we have, is the slide itself and what the O Globo website tells about it:

The slide is titled PRIMARY FORNSAT COLLECTION OPERATIONS, and the O Globo website says it shows a network of 16 facilities for intercepting transmissions from foreign satellites. The slide shows markings in blue and green, where blue represents "US Sites" and green "2nd Party" for intercepting locations run by partner signals intelligence agencies of the UKUSA Agreement

US Sites:
- JACKKNIFE, Yakima (US)
- TIMBERLINE, Sugar Grove (US)
- CORALINE, Sabena Seca (Puerto Rico)
- SCS, Brasilia (Brazil)
- MOONPENNY, Harrogate (Great Britain)
- GARLICK, Bad Aibling (Germany)
- LADYLOVE, Misawa (Japan) 
- LEMONWOOD, Thailand
- SCS, New Delhi (India)

2nd Party Sites:
- CARBOY, Bude (Great Britain)
- SOUNDER, Ayios Nikolaos (Cyprus)
- SNICK, Oman
- SCAPEL, Nairobi (Kenya)
- STELLAR, Geraldton (Australia)
- SHOAL BAY, Darwin (Australia)
- IRONSAND, New Zealand 

Most of these locations were part of the ECHELON satellite intercept program. The NSA station at Bad Aibling in Germany was closed down in 2004, but at the same time, the German foreign intelligence agency BND opened a listening station at the nearbyMangfall baracks, also near Bad Aibling.

According to Snowden, there's also NSA personell at this station, maintaining their own communications hub connected to the NSA headquarters. This cooperation between NSA and BND is based on a Memorandum of Agreement dated April 28, 2002. As the slide has no date, it's unclear whether the marking on the map is for the former NSA station, or the current NSA/BND post. 

The SCS sites in Brasilia and New Delhi are units of the Special Collection Service, a joint CIA/NSA program to collect information through covert listening posts based in US embassies in foreign capitals.

Update: An article showing a better version of the map says that it's from 2002, which explains why it shows the stations at Bad Aibling and Sabena Seca, both of which have since closed.


PRISM-slides

Already nine slides from the presentation about the PRISM data collection program were published on the websites of The Guardian and The Washington Post. On this weblog we also discussed the first five slides and the following four slides, which were additionally published by the Post.

The Brazilian television showed two new pictures, the first is the fifth slide published by The Guardian, but only showing the world map with fiber optic cables, and without the text balloons about "Upstream" and "PRISM" collection methods, which apparently show up after clicking the original powerpoint presentation: 

The slide which is below was not published earlier. Just like the previous slide, this one is also about "FAA702 Operations", which means operations under section 702 of the FISA Amendment Act (FAA) of 2008. The slide shows the same world map with fiber-optic cables and is hardly readable, but according to Wikipedia, the subheader reads "Collection only possible under FAA702 Authority" and the program name FAIRVIEW is the central cyan colored box. Maybe the codenames of other programs are in the yellow box at the right side:

An eleventh slide of the PRISM presentation appeared on the website of O Globo, some days after the previous slides were shown on television. This slide is titled "A Week in the Life of PRISM Reporting" and shows some samples of reporting topics from early February 2013:

It seems the bottom part of this slide was blacked out by Brazilian media, as the Indian
paper The Hindu disclosed that this slide also mentions "politics, space, nuclear" as
topics under the header "India", and also information from Asian and African
countries is contributing to a total of "589 End product Reports".

These lists show that PRISM is used for collecting data about the usual strategical and tactical targets and not about ordinary people, as most of the media reports suggest.



XKEYSCORE-slides

Brazilian television showed a whole new set of slides about the XKEYSCORE program. According to O Globo, XKEYSCORE detects the nationality of foreigners by analysing the language used within intercepted emails, which the paper claims has been applied to Latin America and specifically to Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela and Mexico.

In total, O Globo showed four slides about the XKEYSCORE program, which are classified as TOP SECRET//COMINT//REL TO USA, AUS, CAN, GBR, NZL. This means this information can be shared with signals intelligence agencies from Australia, Canada, Great Britain and New Zealand, which are cooperating under the so called UKUSA Agreement.

XKEYSCORE collects data with the help of over 700 servers based in "US and allied military and other facilities as well as US embassies and consulates" in several dozen countries. These locations are shown on the slide below:

The next slide shows how the collected data of so-called sessions are processed by separating them into different communication information, which are stored in various databases:

According to O Globo the XKEYSCORE can also track people by localities when they are using Google Maps:

This slide is follewed by one showing a map of Afghanistan and surrounding countries with a lot of coloured marking points, without any clarification of what they represent:

According to new information published by the German magazine Der Spiegel (pdf) on July 21, the slides about X-KEYSCORE are from a presentation dated February 25, 2008. It's said that, starting with the metadata, the program is able to retroactively reveal any terms a targeted person has typed into a search engine like Google or Google Maps. Furthermore, there's a buffer storage capable of storing a "full take" of intercepted raw data for several days. X-KEYSCORE can also to monitor user activity in near real time, as well as showing "anomalies" in internet traffic.

In December 2012, XKEYSCORE gathered around 180 million data sets from Germany alone. Apparently the German federal security service BfV was equipped with XKEYSCORE to "expand their ability to support NSA as we jointly prosecute CT [counterterrorism] targets" and the German foreign intelligence agency BND was tasked with instructing the BfV on how to use the program.

On July 25, the directors of the German intelligence agencies briefed members of the German parliamentary intelligence oversight committee about the various NSA programs. They said that XKEYSCORE is used by the BND since 2007, that BfV uses a test version since 2012, and that this program is not for collecting data, but only for analysing them. The director of the BfV even gave a partial demonstration of the test version of XKEYSCORE.

UPDATE:
On July 31, The Guardian published a full presentation about XKEYSCORE, which confirms that this program is not for data collection, but for data analysing.

(Updated on September 22 with the eleventh PRISM slide and on October 23 with a better FornSat slide)


Links and Sources
- Brazilian television report: La CIA y la NSA espiaron mediante satélites desde Brasil & Slides
- O Globo slides: Mapa mostra volume de rastreamento do governo americano
- Cryptome translations: NSA Email and Phone Tracking Programs
- Screenshots on Flickr: NSA Hawaii in USB Made in China
- DailyDot.com: Forget PRISM: FAIRVIEW is the NSA's project to "own the Internet"
- Der Spiegel-article: 'Prolific Partner': German Intelligence Used NSA Spy Program

See also: Boundless Informant NSA data-mining tool – four key slides